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We all know the longstanding debate about nature versus nurture in determining our traits and personality. How much of our identity has to do with genetics and how much with our environment? Studies of twins—both identical (from one fertilized egg) and non-identical (from two)—have been a prime tool in sorting this out, because they allow scientists to isolate more easily the effect of genes.

Such research has been especially helpful in trying to understand the widespread problem known as Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity…